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System Architecture : Deep Dive into 1M RPS API Design

ScalaBrix
Level Up Coding
Published in
14 min readFeb 8, 2025

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Technology-agnostic design for high-throughput systems, ensuring low latency, high availability, and cost efficiency

Photo by Jiroe (Matia Rengel) on Unsplash

Problem statement

Designing an API capable of processing 1 million RPS is a complex challenge that requires efficient request distribution, optimized data access, asynchronous processing, and dynamic scaling. Traditional monolithic architectures struggle at this scale due to single points of failure, database bottlenecks, and limited horizontal scalability. System should have following features

Key Features of the system

a. High Throughput Handling: The API must efficiently process 1 million requests per second (1M RPS) while ensuring minimal queuing and congestion.

b. Low Latency Responses: The system should maintain response times within 10–50ms, optimizing request execution paths and caching strategies to minimize delays.

c. Stateless API Design: API servers should be stateless, ensuring horizontal scalability, independent request handling, and seamless traffic distribution across instances.

d. Read & Write Operations Support: The API should support both read and write operations while optimizing for high concurrency, sharded storage, and data consistency strategies.

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Written by ScalaBrix

System Design & Architecture | Distributed Systems | Scalability | Tech Blog

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